2016年11月03日雅思大作文題目:老城市會產(chǎn)生哪些新問題,如何解決?
Many towns and cities constructed in previous centuries are suitable for life at that time, and cause many problems today. Describe the problems it may cause and give the possible solution.
解析
這是一道report類作文題,不需要考生就某個觀點展開討論,但要求考生描寫一種現(xiàn)象及其產(chǎn)生的問題,然后提出解決方案,與通常意義上的報告有些類似,因此我們將這種題型定義為report題型。
如何描寫某一現(xiàn)象/事物可能引起的問題?或者說,我們應(yīng)該從哪些方面去尋找這些問題?經(jīng)常閱讀唐老師本專欄的讀者,想來對唐老師提出的寫作構(gòu)思“三層次”理論已經(jīng)相當(dāng)熟悉了吧?如果還不熟悉,請務(wù)必回讀唐老師在“新航道三分鐘學(xué)雅思”的“雅思作文真題直擊”專欄(文章最下方有每期鏈接噢),唐老師每周在那里解析當(dāng)周雅思作文真題并提供范文。寫作構(gòu)思中的三層次包括物質(zhì)(physical)層次、心理(emotional,psychological, spiritual) 層次以及社會(societal)層次,從這些層次來考慮問題,可以解決多數(shù)雅思作文中“寫什么”的問題。當(dāng)然,知道這三層次的理論還不夠,還需要通過大量實踐來驗證和練習(xí),直到完全熟練掌握。一方面多讀唐老師的范文,一方面自己找題目多思考,多練習(xí),一旦掌握了這個思維方法,雅思寫作就會輕松很多!
好了,現(xiàn)在唐老師即將給大家一個示范,看看“三層次”理論究竟如何具體使用。本題涉及的問題是:以前的城市都是按照當(dāng)時的歷史條件和生活需求來建造的,現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了很多問題,如何解決這些問題?
物質(zhì)層次:衣食住行。過去不需要大型超市,現(xiàn)在需要;過去不需要寬闊的街道,現(xiàn)在需要;過去不需要地鐵和機(jī)場,現(xiàn)在需要。這些屬于物質(zhì)層次的范疇。
心理層次:休閑娛樂。過去不需要電影院,現(xiàn)在需要;過去不需要公共圖書館/博物館,現(xiàn)在需要;過去不需要大型廣場,現(xiàn)在需要。這些屬于心理層次的范疇。
社會層次:環(huán)境與社會。過去不需要區(qū)分居住區(qū)、工業(yè)區(qū)和商業(yè)區(qū),現(xiàn)在需要;過去(也許)不需要城市中心花園,現(xiàn)在需要;過去不需要廢品回收站,現(xiàn)在需要。這些屬于社會層次的范疇。
大家看看,如果我們有一條明確的思維線索,我們就不會再感覺頭腦空空,或者感覺頭腦混亂,按照這個思路寫下去,既有很多內(nèi)容,又能確保邏輯性,同時解決“無話可說”和“思緒混亂”兩大寫作難題。正是:走遍東西南北中,不如新航道三分鐘?。ㄓ袥]有很押韻~~)
新航道團(tuán)隊范文
Many cities and towns built a few hundred years ago have become obsolete now, no matter how brilliant they used to be, for they are no longer suitable for life today.
(1) 本段按照題目要求,簡單描寫現(xiàn)象。
(2) 注意唐老師這里對原文的改寫。原文:Many cities and towns constructed in previous centuries... 改寫:many cities and towns built a few hundred years ago...
(3) “數(shù)個世紀(jì)之前修建的城鎮(zhèn)”是本文關(guān)鍵詞,唐老師有如下不同表達(dá):cities and towns built a few hundred years ago; cities and towns constructed a few centuries ago; cities and towns built a long time ago; the century-old cities and towns
(4) obsolete adj. 過時的;不再使用的
In my view, these cities and towns may cause three kinds of problems. At the most basic level, they can no longer provide satisfactory conditions for our modern existence. A bit more than 100 years ago, people did not use buses or cars, so the city did not have broad streets; people did not travel by train or airplane, so the city was not equipped with any railway station or airport; most people shopped in the stores near their homes, so the city did not have to own shopping malls or supermarkets. As more and more people rush into urban areas, the city has expanded with the population, and modern urban people would find themselves unable to survive without the broad streets, the train, the airplane and the supermarket. Meanwhile, cities and towns built centuries ago do not have enough entertainment and sports facilities available to contemporary city dwellers who, relieved of the manual labor by the technological advances, suddenly find they have a great amount of free time. For example, these cities and towns are not likely to have 3-D or IMAX movie theaters for movie fans, or huge stadiums for sports fans. Consequently, people may find their life in such cities and towns are most boring and tedious. Finally, the cities and towns constructed long time ago cannot possibly have anticipated the negative effects of environmental issues brought over by our modern life, so they usually have residence area, industrial area and business area all mixed up without separating them. This is, of course, unbearable to our urban life style today.
(1) 本段討論老城鎮(zhèn)給現(xiàn)代生活帶來的問題。句為主題句,提出本段的核心內(nèi)容。
(2) 在討論這三個問題的時候,有兩個地方值得大家學(xué)習(xí)模仿。首先,唐老師沒有使用firstly...secondly...finally 這樣的套路(當(dāng)然,這樣寫也不能算錯,只是顯得單調(diào)),而是使用了 “at the most basic level”(在最基礎(chǔ)的層面上), “meanwhile”(同時), “finally”(最后)。其二,唐老師在討論這三個問題時,遵循的是由淺入深,由具體到抽象的邏輯順序:先討論老城鎮(zhèn)給我們的衣食住行帶來的問題,接著討論給我們健康娛樂帶來的問題,最后討論給我們的社會環(huán)境帶來的問題,這樣行文就會顯得更具連貫性。雅思寫作要得高分,需要全面考慮語言質(zhì)量和邏輯連貫,二者缺一不可。同學(xué)們平時應(yīng)該對此多加練習(xí),改變想到哪寫到哪的壞習(xí)慣。
(3) at the most basic level 在最基礎(chǔ)的層面上
(4) existence n. 生存;存在
(5) expand v. 擴(kuò)張
(6) survive v. 生存
(7) facilities 設(shè)施 sports facilities 體育設(shè)施
(8) city dwellers 城市居民。本文“城市居民”這個詞需要反復(fù)出現(xiàn),唐老師用了多種替換表達(dá):people living in cities and towns; city people; urban population; urban people 等。
(9) relieve sb. of... 使某人從......解脫出來
(10) consequently 結(jié)果 (=as a result)
(11) anticipate v. 預(yù)料,期待 (=expect)
While the century-old cities and towns may carry much cultural and historical value, they must be re-constructed in the interest of people living in them today. The city infrastructure must be reshaped and include such facilities as shopping centers, sports stadiums, wide streets and pavements and provide services like metro, train, and airplane. And to minimize the unfavorable effects of modern life on urban populace, the cities and towns should be set the areas apart by their respective functions.
(1) 本段針對前面的問題提出解決辦法。
(2) carry 攜帶,此處如果用have,就顯得過于普通了。
(3) in the interest of... 符合......的利益
(4) infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
(5) minimize 使......最小化
(6) unfavorable 不利的;不適合的
(7) populace 人口
(8) respective 各自的
參考譯文
許多數(shù)百年前修建的城鎮(zhèn)無論曾經(jīng)多么輝煌,如今都已敗落,因為它們不再適應(yīng)今天的生活。
我認(rèn)為,這樣的城鎮(zhèn)可能引起三種問題。在最基礎(chǔ)的層面上,它們不再能夠為現(xiàn)代生活提供令人滿意的條件。大約100多年前,人們不使用公共汽車和轎車,因此城市沒有寬闊的街道;人們不乘坐火車或飛機(jī)旅行,因此城市沒有配備火車站或飛機(jī)場;絕大多數(shù)人都在家附近的商店購物,因此城市不必?fù)碛匈徫锷虉龌虺?。隨著越來越多的人涌進(jìn)城市,城市已經(jīng)隨著人口而擴(kuò)張,今天的城市人如果沒有寬闊的街道,火車,飛機(jī)和超市,他們將無法生存。同時,由于技術(shù)的發(fā)展,當(dāng)代城市居民已經(jīng)從手工勞作中解脫出來,他們突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有大量空閑時間,但是數(shù)世紀(jì)前修建的城鎮(zhèn)卻沒有足夠的娛樂和體育設(shè)施供他們使用。比如,這樣的城鎮(zhèn)不太可能擁有影迷可以去的3-D或IMAX電影院,或者體育迷可以去的大型體育場館。結(jié)果,人們會發(fā)現(xiàn)住在這樣的城鎮(zhèn),生活極度枯燥無聊。最后,很久以前建造的城鎮(zhèn)不可能預(yù)見到現(xiàn)代生活引起的環(huán)境問題的負(fù)面影響,因此它們通常將住宅區(qū)、工業(yè)區(qū)和商業(yè)區(qū)混在一起,不予分區(qū)。這對今天的城市生活方式而言當(dāng)然是不可忍受的。
雖然這些百年城鎮(zhèn)可能有很多文化和歷史價值,但為了生活在其中的人們,這些城鎮(zhèn)必須改造。城鎮(zhèn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施必須重新構(gòu)建,將購物中心、體育場館、寬闊街道和人行道等包括進(jìn)來,同時提供地鐵、火車和飛機(jī)服務(wù)。同時,為了盡量減少現(xiàn)代生活對城市居民的不良影響,城鎮(zhèn)應(yīng)該按照各自功能進(jìn)行分區(qū)。
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