北美托福寫(xiě)作大講堂

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Working at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office.

第 一個(gè)步驟：

審題：該題目屬于雙關(guān)鍵詞題型；即對(duì)比“working at home using computers or telephones”和“working in the office”

第二個(gè)步驟：可以進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的brainstorm

1、Working at home using computers or telephones；

Pros: freedom, lower cost for companies, high efficiency...

Cons: need stronger self-discipline/control...

注意：在進(jìn)行理由點(diǎn)輸出的時(shí)候，需要關(guān)注以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，即critical thinking&dimension

2、working at office；

Pros: high efficiency

Cons: the depressed work atmosphere

第三個(gè)步驟：布局

針對(duì)該題型，一般可供選擇的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)為三種；

1、首段/主體段1/主體段2/讓步段/尾段

2、首段/主體段/diss 段/尾段-“褒一貶一”

3、首段/contrast1/contrast2/尾段-“尋找same point”

以下的文章選擇第 一種常見(jiàn)的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行論證：

首段：

針對(duì)首段，首先確定其骨架結(jié)構(gòu)：Background/introduction+opinion

In modern life, important inventions such as computers and telephones have exerted a significant effect on our daily life, especially the way of working. 【針對(duì)computer and telephones進(jìn)行相關(guān)的定義闡述】Recently, which method, working at home using computers and telephones or working at the office,（如果兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞的長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng)，可采取插入語(yǔ)的方式） is better for employees to finish assigned work has aroused a public concern. 【引發(fā)討論，過(guò)渡到下面的opinion】I, personally, convince that former can bring some obvious benefits with the following reasons.

主體段1：

主體段的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)較多，要根據(jù)不同的題型進(jìn)行搭建

即：T+S+C

T：topic sentence；大家要著重關(guān)注不能把explanation里面的點(diǎn)拿過(guò)來(lái)寫(xiě)-“便于展開(kāi)”

S：supporting sentence

①explanation+evidence/example

②contrast

③reasoning

④stylistic elements

C: conclusion

First and foremost, home is favored by staffs to work, which effectively facilitates their life.【topic sentence-非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的使用】As we all know, workers required to accomplish task in the office, they will have to spend some time on the road to the company.【獨(dú)立主格的運(yùn)用】 Based on this condition, the time that should be used on other meaningful things greatly perplex（困擾） their daily life. As a matter of fact, however, hardly could this phenomenon happen in working at home by using computers or telephones.【倒裝句】

對(duì)于explanation的陳述，一般所采取的措施有三種：

①正常敘述即可，理清邏輯，展開(kāi)充分

②側(cè)面的烘托，一般雙關(guān)鍵詞的采用的較多

③類比的寫(xiě)法，這種情況適用去解釋相對(duì)較抽象的topic sentence

For example, many people working in Beijing have to get up very early in the morning to take the over-crowded subway or bus to their working places. Notable, time used on the road 【后置定語(yǔ)】usually lasts up to an hour. By contrast, if people choose to work at home by using computers or telephones instead of working in the office, this wasted time will be saved and utilized to do some practical things.

在進(jìn)行闡述example/evidence的時(shí)候，需要注意的是具象化，“l(fā)asts up to an hour”這個(gè)非常的關(guān)鍵。

主體段2：

What’s more, employers will another beneficiary from the practice of working at home. 【topic sentence】On one hand, provided that more and more employees choose telecommuting, the company’s cost in office and equipment will drop. To be explicit, the overhead of running a company include various bills, such as utilities, computers and office space, which will be saved by telecommuting. 【展開(kāi)1】On the other hand, working independently at home will improve the working efficiency, which makes more profits for the company. 【展開(kāi)2】According to a survey conducted by the department of psychology in Boston University, under the condition that there was no interruption from others, the amount of work done in the same amount of time increases dramatically, even by twice as much as before. 【example/evidence的另一種方式-statistic】

讓步段：　

Admittedly, some preponderances 【優(yōu)勢(shì)】do exist in working in office. To be more specific, it will enhance people’s social skills by communicating with colleagues and boss, while working at home may alienate 【使...疏遠(yuǎn)】the relationship with coworkers.【先承認(rèn)對(duì)方的合理性】 However, the above reason does not bear further analysis. Working at home does not means that telecommuters at home have no chances to communicate with others. In fact, by using the electronic gadgets such as computers and phones, they are more likely to meet a larger group of people from all walks of life, thus acquiring stronger social skills.【再對(duì)對(duì)方進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的駁斥-主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ), doing...】

Tips：這邊的讓步駁斥需要注意其位置，一般的位置有“單獨(dú)成段”、“句中”、“句前”，需依據(jù)不同的論證方式進(jìn)行選擇；其次，讓步駁斥需要關(guān)注單一關(guān)鍵詞題型與其他題型的區(qū)別，邏輯很重要。

尾段：

In a nutshell, considering above-mentioned factors, unlike working in the office, working at home by using computers or telephones seems to be much more colorful.