2021年4月26日托福獨(dú)立寫作真題范文 I 科學(xué)家要負(fù)責(zé)嗎？

2021年4月26日 

托福獨(dú)立寫作

【考場題目回憶】

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

Scientists should be responsible for the negative impacts of their discoveries.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

【Introduction】

Scientists, pioneers of human society, have been constantly exploring the unknown, unraveling the mysteries, and making breakthroughs. During this process, some unexpected troubles, however, are unfortunately inevitable. While scientists could alert people, they can hardly prevent those troubles. Besides, if scientists were held responsible for those negative impacts, they would be demotivated to innovate. Hence, we should not blame scientists for the undesirable results of scientific findings. 

【Body】

For starters, scientists should not be scapegoats. In another word, 【強(qiáng)調(diào)句】it is the users, like politicians or businessmen, who should shoulder responsibility of the negative impacts of scientific findings. 【巧妙的類比也是論證方式之一】 Just like a knife could be used to cut bread or to murder someone, a scientific discovery can be used to benefit or hurt people. Take scientific findings in physics, namely weapons, as an example. While it could be used to deter criminals, it may also abused by criminals to kill innocent civilians, which is certainly contrary to scientists’ intention. In this case, the negative effect of such findings is not up to its finders, scientists, but to the users. 

【寫作思路】

很簡單的邏輯：就像一把刀即可以拿來切菜也可以拿來謀殺一樣，科學(xué)研究也會因使用者“intentions” 的不同而產(chǎn)生不同的作用。

那么很明顯，當(dāng)持有 “bad intentions” 的 “壞蛋” 使用時這些研究造成傷害時，有“good intention”的科學(xué)家肯定不該負(fù)責(zé)。

【Body】

【虛擬語氣】Were the scientists asked to be accountable for all the possible negative outcomes of their discoveries, it would undoubtedly hinder the progress of science. To specify, the advent of any scientific findings cannot be divorced from bold attempts. If scientists are required to be responsible for negative impacts of their progressions, they may become overcautious or even scared to make progresses. Contrarily, scientists who are exempted from taking responsibility for the unexpected negative effect tend to be more motivated in discovering. Therefore, for the advent of new technologies, scientists should not be responsible for the negative impact.

【寫作思路】

科學(xué)研究肯定是通過不斷的大膽嘗試才能完成的，當(dāng)科學(xué)家知道自己將來要為任何潛在的風(fēng)險（這當(dāng)然是很有可能發(fā)生的啦）負(fù)責(zé)時，他們會變的過于謹(jǐn)慎，從而很難創(chuàng)新。

【Body】

Admittedly, scientists should be aware of the potential hazards behind findings, and they are responsible for informing the users of those harms. However, negligence are not totally avoidable yet completely understandable. Not to mention, even if the users are crystal clear about those potential negative impacts, they may still make mistakes triggering those potential impacts, either because they are careless or too profit-driven. With the aforementioned points clarified, 【反問句也能強(qiáng)化語氣】how can we place blame on scientists?  

【寫作思路】

科學(xué)家只有義務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)提醒大家潛在的風(fēng)險，且不談他們也會疏忽。就算他們考慮到了方方面面，也阻止不了使用者在使用時造成疏忽。

【Conclusion】

In conclusion, 記得直接了當(dāng)?shù)幕卮痤}目（我不同意科學(xué)家應(yīng)該為科研的消極影響負(fù)責(zé)）+概括如上三段分論點(diǎn)（偷懶快速的方式就是高度概括每段中心句）即可。