SAT備考 | SAT文法知識(shí)點(diǎn)第28期

一、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

1.含義：

句中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用要規(guī)范。

2.類型：

（1）破折號(hào)和冒號(hào)符號(hào)

3. 用法

破折號(hào)

（1）表示停頓并強(qiáng)調(diào)破折號(hào)后面內(nèi)容，但不能分隔句子。

例句1: The students seem happy enough with the new plan, but the alumni — there was the problem.

解析：本句是有but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句，alumni后的破折號(hào)只表示停頓。

（2）雙進(jìn)雙出：強(qiáng)調(diào)插入成分，往往與前面的名詞內(nèi)容重復(fù)

例句2: It will prevent corporations — large and small — from buying influence with campaign contributions.

解析：本句的large and small由雙破折號(hào)連接，表示大小公司，與前面corporation內(nèi)容重復(fù)。

冒號(hào)

（1）連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句。

①獨(dú)立句：簡(jiǎn)單句或主從句，不能只是從句。

例如1: Tom is a student: he studies SAT.

解析：本句中冒號(hào)分隔兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，第二個(gè)句子解釋說(shuō)明SAT。

例如2: Tom is a student who studies SAT: it is one of the standard tests.

解析：本句中由冒號(hào)分隔主從句和簡(jiǎn)單句，第二個(gè)句子解釋說(shuō)明SAT。

（2）后加短語(yǔ)，表示解釋說(shuō)明，冒號(hào)之前必須是句子。

例如3: Tom who studies SAT: one of the standard tests in the world. ?

解析：本句冒號(hào)前只有Tom和who從句，主句沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以錯(cuò)誤，改為例句4.

例如4: Tom is a student who studies SAT: one of the standard tests in the world.

題目檢測(cè)

題目檢測(cè) 1

Qatar has spent over 200 billion dollars on constructions of FIFA World Cup 2022 to build fantastic skyscrapers, but the Labor Union said there were labor abuse problems - unlawful detention.

A. NO CHANGE

B. ,unlawful detention 

C. unlawful detention 

D. ,unlawful, detention 

解析：通過(guò)破折號(hào)看出是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的考點(diǎn)，根據(jù)“表示停頓并強(qiáng)調(diào)破折號(hào)后面內(nèi)容”的原則，排除B和C項(xiàng)；而D項(xiàng)中unlawful不是problems的插入語(yǔ)，用法錯(cuò)誤，所以排除含有冒號(hào)的D項(xiàng)，所以選A。

題目檢測(cè)2

Peter Watson a talented artist, makes sketches for his next painting.

A. NO CHANGE

B. ,a talented artist 

C. -a talented artist- 

D. a talented artist: 

解析：通過(guò)破折號(hào)看出是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的考點(diǎn)，根據(jù)“主謂之間不能用標(biāo)點(diǎn)隔開(kāi)”的原則，排除A/B/D項(xiàng)；又根據(jù)“雙進(jìn)雙出”的原則，本句中a talented artist是Peter Watson的插入語(yǔ)并修飾PW這個(gè)人，所以選C。

題目檢測(cè)3

China, one of the fast growing countries in the world, achieved their goals one by one because they followed their 5-year plans , this pattern is adopted by many developing countries in Africa.

A. NO CHANGE

B. , this pattern,

C. : this pattern 

D. -this pattern

解析：通過(guò)逗號(hào)看出是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的考點(diǎn)，主謂之間不能用標(biāo)點(diǎn)隔開(kāi)”的原則，排除A/B；又根據(jù)“破折號(hào)不能分隔句子”的原則，排除D項(xiàng)；而C項(xiàng)冒號(hào)后一句解釋說(shuō)明前一句的5年計(jì)劃，所以選C。

題目檢測(cè)4

After lost the quarter game of FIFA World Cup 2022, all players of Netherlands felt sad about their journeys on this game: a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world.

A. NO CHANGE

B. ; a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world 

C. , a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world

D. . A single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world

解析：通過(guò)冒號(hào)看出是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的考點(diǎn)，根據(jù)“句號(hào)和分號(hào)都可以分隔兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句”的原則，a single game后面只有which從句，而沒(méi)有主句，所以不是獨(dú)立句，所以排除B和D項(xiàng)；又根據(jù)“逗號(hào)不能分隔獨(dú)立句”的原則，排除C項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)“后加短語(yǔ)，表示解釋說(shuō)明，冒號(hào)之前必須是句子”的原則，a single game+which從句解釋說(shuō)明前面的game，而game前面是獨(dú)立句，所以選A。