流程圖:類型一【制作工序】
寫作關鍵:1)避免簡答題式的寫作(短小的句子扎堆;句子開頭/主語趨同)。2)表工藝的動詞;3)表過程中半成品的名詞。4)通用的名詞和動詞。5)其它。
【開頭段】
Shown in the diagrams are the process of cement production and that of using cement to produce concrete. Overall, the first process is complex, and the second is simple.
• 線圖習慣用“graph”,餅圖和柱/條狀習慣用“chart”,流程圖習慣用“diagram” 。
• 句開頭的【倒裝】。注意動詞的單復數(shù)由倒置后的主語決定。
• 第二句是對于圖表的【綜述】,簡要的講一下流程圖的【宏觀全貌】。【套路】是寫“圖中的流程是復雜還是簡單”。
• 注意句“and”前后的平行。
【主體部分第1段】寫【制作水泥】
1. Cement production begins with putting limestone and clay – the raw materials – through the crusher to produce mixed powder.
2. The mixture needs to be further blended in the next device – the mixer.
3. Then, the mixture is transported into the rotating heater, which rotates in a clockwise direction.
4. At this step, heat is applied at the open end.
5. As the mixture is heated, it becomes a hot substance, which is the semi-product, for the final step.
6. The final step is to mill the hot substance into the ground cement, which will be bagged and used for the production of concrete.
• 第二句中,be further blended可以替換為“be thoroughly blended”或“be homogenized”。
• “begins with”、“Then”、“At this step”、“As … (表時間/邏輯順序的狀語從句)”、“The final step”用來組織步驟的順序。這些是文章脈絡的得分的重點。
• 表工藝的動詞是詞匯得分的重點。
【主體部分第2段】寫【制作混凝土】
To manufacture concrete, sand, gravel, and water are other essential components in addition to cement. Their proportions are 25%, 50%, and 10%, and cement constitutes the other 15%. As those raw materials are put into the concrete blender that turns clockwise, concrete is being produced.
• 右邊的圖,其實是個餅圖。
• 句話,承上啟下,讓兩個段落形成聯(lián)系。這是文章脈絡的得分的“妙筆”。
• 表工藝的動詞 以及 通用的動詞 是詞匯得分的重點。
【結尾段】
Overall, the entire process, including making cement and using it to make concrete, is of certain complexity, going through a series of steps and a number of apparatuses.
• 如果開頭段有了對于圖表的綜述,【其實可以沒有結尾段】。
• 但是,要是想多拿分,寫一個“加強版”的【圖表綜述】是必要的。
• 注意句“including”中“and”前后的平行。
注意【be + of + 名詞】=【be + 這個名詞對應的形容詞】。例如:It is of social significance. = It is socially significant. 句中的“is of certain complexity” = “be complex to some extent”。
• 注意【伴隨狀語】,邏輯是“伴隨著主句所講的事情而發(fā)生”,功能是1)表結果;或2)表補充說明。這里是功能2)。
補充知識點:
1) 英語的宏觀邏輯模式是“總——分”。
段落和單句都習慣采用這種模式。
單句舉例:
It is a good idea that we go to the zoo.
首先讓人知道“It is a good idea”,再讓人知道“a good idea”是“that we go to the zoo”。
這個邏輯區(qū)別于中文的邏輯(如下)
That we go to the zoo today is a good idea.
2)構成的動詞短語注意:
整體 consists of 幾個部分。
整體 is composed of 幾個部分。
幾個細節(jié) constitute 整體。
某個細節(jié) constitutes 占比/多大的部分。如:My salary constitutes only a moderate portion of my income.
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