無錫雅思寫作批判性思維的刻意練習(xí)

，如果你的雅思作文思路混亂，邏輯不清晰，會(huì)直接影響考官對(duì)TR以及CC的打分，詞匯語法再亮眼，起到的加持作用也十分略微。是的，短時(shí)間內(nèi)有思路真的很難，所以你一定要學(xué)會(huì)立馬掌握有寫作思路的方法——“批判性思維criticalthinking”，無錫雅思班老師指導(dǎo)你如何刻意練習(xí)批判性思維。

“Critical thinking is the ability to apply reasoning and logic to new or unfamiliar ideas, opinions, and situations. Thinking critically involves seeing things in an open-minded way and examining an idea or concept from as many angles as possible.”

其實(shí)批判性思維并不復(fù)雜，并不是對(duì)任何話題都要持質(zhì)疑的態(tài)度，運(yùn)用在雅思寫作中其實(shí)就在于無論個(gè)人立場是什么，都能夠從多個(gè)角度、多個(gè)層面上找到支撐自己立場的依據(jù)，在向考官解釋這些依據(jù)時(shí)更細(xì)致更有層次感。

聽起來有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜？別怕，我們一步一步來修煉“批判性思維critical thinking”

例題：

With the increasing demand for energy resources of oil and gas, people should look for resources of oil and gas in remote and untouched natural places. Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages of damaging such areas？

 

雅思寫作批判性思維Critical thinking修煉級(jí)

 

謀篇：確定立場（agree/disagree，pros/cons...）及文章框架

 

首先看題型：利弊

確定立場：the downsides prevail over the merits弊大于利

接著我們來想想框架吧：四段論

Introduction

body 1（益處-控制篇幅）

body 2（弊端）

conclusion

 

雅思寫作批判性思維Critical thinking修煉第二級(jí)

 

立意：概括agree或disagree的大致理由（分論點(diǎn)）

 

Body 1（開發(fā)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)能源的益處是什么？）

注意：思考觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，并不需要?jiǎng)ψ咂h，得出很直觀具有代表性的觀點(diǎn)就可以了

觀點(diǎn)：緩解能源危機(jī)（ease the energy crisis）

得出大致段落中心句：Targeting at the potential energies in unexploited areas can ease the energy crisis.

 

雅思寫作批判性思維Critical thinking修煉第三級(jí)

 

能夠充分展開論證分論點(diǎn)的合理性

 

展開觀點(diǎn)句，注意展開的內(nèi)容一定要與觀點(diǎn)保持一致，不可偏離。

觀點(diǎn)：開發(fā)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)能源的益處在于緩解能源危機(jī)（ease the energy crisis）

 

腦內(nèi)過程：開發(fā)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)能源-->能帶來益處-->能緩解能源危機(jī)-->那為什么要到偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)去開發(fā)呢，不偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)不行嗎？-->結(jié)合生活-->噢，不偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)不夠用了-->為什么不夠用了？-->人們需求原來越大啊-->沒辦法只能轉(zhuǎn)移開采地域-->結(jié)束了嗎？-->沒有，偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)一定有很多能源嗎？-->不一定（為下文埋伏筆），但死馬當(dāng)活馬醫(yī)吧，萬一夠多呢--> 能源危機(jī)有救了！

 

熟練之后，可以更迅速地得出一套有邏輯的key words思維導(dǎo)圖：（因?yàn)椋﹔esources being exhausted-->（因此為了）meet people’s increasing demand--> shift target-->（如果）exist abundant resources--> energy crisis being eased 

 

雅思寫作批判性思維Critical thinking修煉第四級(jí)

 

胸有成竹步入考場，各大話題信手拈來

 

結(jié)構(gòu)步，邏輯第二步，表達(dá)第三步。

把握住清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯，我們的銜接詞匯語法才能夠一展用武之地。

The most direct benefit of targeting at the potential energies in unexploited areas, evidently, lies in easing the energy crisis confronted by almost every country. Specifically, the fact is that resources like coal and petrol oil are going to be exhausted in a near future, hence for the sake of meeting the increasing population’s demand, it seems more feasible to utilize those from where people have not yet set foot in. If by any chance there exist abundant resources, energy crisis would no longer be worrisome.

 

利用這些步驟，我們繼續(xù)完成主體第二段：

 

Step 1--段落

 

開發(fā)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)能源會(huì)帶來更多嚴(yán)重弊端

Step 2--觀點(diǎn)

 

觀點(diǎn)1：費(fèi)人力費(fèi)物力

觀點(diǎn)2：破環(huán)當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)

Step 3--思維導(dǎo)圖

 

觀點(diǎn)1-->（思考為什么偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)較其他而言有什么特征，使得它格外費(fèi)人力物力）

偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)--> （等同于）破村莊/大森林/草原/大海--> （意味著）科技落后/沒有設(shè)備--> （因此會(huì)）耗費(fèi)大量人力物力-->能源豐富就算了，那（假設(shè)）費(fèi)勁后發(fā)現(xiàn)能源量少而得不償失呢？

remote areas --> undeveloped deep oceans or extensive deserts--> equal those with poor or even no advanced facilities--> energy exploitation costs generous labour and financial forces--> what if there is not as much energy as expected

 

觀點(diǎn)2-->（思考為什么在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)開發(fā)能源會(huì)破壞大自然）

其實(shí)不管是不是偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)--> 開發(fā)能源都會(huì)破環(huán)環(huán)境--> 只是偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)很多時(shí)候意味著大海/森林/草原等--> 需要格外在意環(huán)境問題-->（扣題舉例）大海里鉆石油會(huì)污染海水--> 森林里開采天然氣勢必要砍樹

Tapping resources--> jeopardize the natural environment--> drilling for oil in the ocean--> pollutes the marine water--> extracting natural gas--> leads to deforestation

Step 4--擴(kuò)充細(xì)節(jié)，形成段落

 

Nevertheless, provided this practice indeed is carried out, even more problems would emerge. For one thing, remote areas basically equal those with poor or even no advanced facilities, not to mention in the undeveloped deep oceans or extensive deserts, by which I mean energy exploitation would cost generous labour and financial forces. Meanwhile, what if there is not as much energy as expected after long term input? Apart from this, tapping resources would inevitably jeopardize the natural environment. For example, it is always drilling for oil in the ocean that pollutes the marine water and it is extracting natural gas（開采天然氣） that leads to deforestation.

相信你已經(jīng)通過思維導(dǎo)圖方法學(xué)會(huì)批判性思維critical thinking啦！再加強(qiáng)一下，看看小劉靜老師會(huì)如何批改你的作文呢！

 

學(xué)生習(xí)作：

“Building the gap of wealth would be an effective strategy for achieving social harmony. The fact that poor feel treated unfairly would causes less motivation for them to keep their way on life and complain more. In this way, the poor will have resentment toward the affluent, which makes them behave in an anti-social way. This is particularly true when it comes to the poor who commit crime and this phenomenon poses a threat to social stability.”

 

理一下段落key words思路：

中心觀點(diǎn)：縮小貧富差距有助于社會(huì)和諧。

展開論證：窮人收到不公對(duì)待--> 缺少生活動(dòng)力+抱怨--> 仇富--> 反社會(huì)--> 犯罪--> 危害社會(huì)穩(wěn)定

供參考的思路修改：縮小貧富差距有助于社會(huì)和諧--> 原因--> 社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定的重要因素之一--> 犯罪--> 大部分都是由窮人犯下--> 他們這么做的原因在于在社會(huì)上受到不公對(duì)待--> 具體說例如 難以享受和富人一樣的教育和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，甚至日常生活也受歧視--> which滋生了他們的反社會(huì)情緒--> 因此，如果能夠有效控制貧富差距--> 控制犯罪率--> 社會(huì)穩(wěn)定

 

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