2月24日雅思大作文真題：私家車對個(gè)人和環(huán)境的利弊

2018年02月24日 雅思大作文題目

“More and more people buy and use their own car. Do you think the advantages of this trend for individuals outweigh its disadvantages for environment?”

本題為雅思考試經(jīng)典舊題，最近一次出現(xiàn)在2016年9月15日。相信參加本次考試的烤鴨會(huì)很開心，這個(gè)話題實(shí)在是太熟悉，甚至可能都背誦過范文。

大家看一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)：2004年中國汽車保有量是2400萬輛，到2015年，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到1.37億！也就是說，僅僅10年時(shí)間，活躍在中國大街小巷的汽車增加了500%！而這增加的車輛，多數(shù)都是私家車。的確，近些年中國的汽車行業(yè)發(fā)展太快了，以至于很多人對此都有意見。那么，本次雅思考題正是針對這樣的一個(gè)問題。

汽車的確能夠人們帶來很多方便。在擁擠的都市里，雖然有發(fā)達(dá)的公交系統(tǒng)和地鐵系統(tǒng)，但都非常擁擠，有時(shí)候還趕不上，嚴(yán)重地耽誤上班時(shí)間，即使擠上去，帥哥美女們擠雜在熙熙攘攘的各色人群中，的確時(shí)有尊嚴(yán)不足之感。好，開私家車讓自己出行更方便，更有自由和舒適感，這些是買私家車的好處。

但是，那么多人開私家車，我們又不得不考慮它們對環(huán)境的消極影響。這個(gè)不難理解。很多都指出，北京的霧霾（其實(shí)不只是北京，全世界稍微大點(diǎn)的城市，哪個(gè)沒有霧霾？只是北京霧霾太嚴(yán)重，于是成了眾人譏諷的城市，這有點(diǎn)不公平，大家都是五十步笑百步），很大程度上就是由于這個(gè)城市的車太多引起的。車一發(fā)動(dòng)，灰塵(dust)揚(yáng)起，尾氣(exhaust gas)外噴，的確容易污染空氣。討論完私家車對個(gè)人的好處以及對環(huán)境的壞處后，我們的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是什么呢？這里就沒有所謂正確答案了。你可以說自由和方便高于一切，可以開發(fā)新的科技來解決由此引起的環(huán)境問題；你也可以說環(huán)境高于一切，出行的方便可以通過改進(jìn)公交系統(tǒng)來解決；你還可以說，自由方便和環(huán)境都很重要，但呼吁盡量減少用車時(shí)間，共同維護(hù)美好環(huán)境，等等。

這里提醒大家，其實(shí)本題還是隱藏了一個(gè)陷阱的。很多同學(xué)一看到“汽車”話題太過于開心，于是忘記了仔細(xì)審題：本題要求比較的是汽車對個(gè)人的好處以及對環(huán)境的壞處。

因此，在討論汽車的好處時(shí)一定要聚焦“汽車對個(gè)人的好處”，比如汽車給我們出行帶來的便捷，如果討論汽車如何增加政府的收入，則屬于偏題；在討論汽車的壞處時(shí)一定要聚焦“汽車給環(huán)境帶來的壓力”，比如空氣污染，噪音污染等，如果討論開車耗費(fèi)我們很多金錢，則屬于偏題。因此，建議烤鴨們在考場上一定要靜下心來，仔細(xì)審題后再作答。

老師筆記

01

Just 50 years ago, to own a car was quite a luxury, but today, cars have found their way into many households. Statistics show in China alone, there are over 140 million cars running on road every day. While cars have brought about conveniences to their users, they have imposed great pressure on the environment.

僅僅在50年前，擁有一輛汽車還是一件相當(dāng)奢華的事情，但今天，汽車已經(jīng)走進(jìn)很多家庭了。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，僅在中國，每天就有超過1.4億輛車在路上奔跑。雖然汽車給使用者帶來了諸多便利，但它們也給環(huán)境造成巨大壓力。

解析

（1）本段用比較方法引出話題，然后用數(shù)據(jù)補(bǔ)充，最后重述題目觀點(diǎn)。這種做法可以讓段顯得生動(dòng)活潑。如果千篇一律地使用如下開頭，則會(huì)使文章沒有生機(jī)：

A. With the development of the society, more and more people buy and use their own car.

B. When it comes to the car ownership and use, many people think they are good to the individuals but very bad to the environment.

這兩種典型的作文開頭法雖然可以，但正因?yàn)槠?，就顯得沒有任何個(gè)性，而顯示出作者的個(gè)性，是作文得到高分的必需。引用數(shù)據(jù)或者通過比較來引入話題，就顯得更為獨(dú)特。

（2）luxury 奢華

（3）find one’s way to/into... 進(jìn)入到...... (比簡單的enter顯得更為地道，生動(dòng)?。?/p>

（4）in China alone...僅僅在中國 (這里的alone與孤獨(dú)沒有任何關(guān)系，表示“僅僅”）

（5）impose pressure on... 給......施加了壓力

02

Modern city life has made the car an indispensable means of transport. Though most cities today have fairly advanced transportation systems like the bus and metro, they tend to be extremely crowded, especially in rush hours. This means you might come to your office late or miss some important appointments. If you drive your own car, these problems may well be avoided. At the same time, when you plan to take your family for a trip out of town, you may also enjoy the flexibility of when to start off and when to return, rather than spending time waiting for the bus to arrive.

現(xiàn)代的城市生活已經(jīng)讓汽車成為一種不可或缺的交通工具。雖然現(xiàn)在絕大多數(shù)城市都有相當(dāng)發(fā)達(dá)的交通系統(tǒng)，比如公共汽車和地鐵，但它們也容易變得非常擁擠，尤其是在上下班高峰期。這就意味著你可能上班遲到，或者錯(cuò)過一些重要的約會(huì)。如果你開自己的車，這些問題就可得到避免。同時(shí)，當(dāng)你計(jì)劃帶家人出城游玩時(shí)，你也享有何時(shí)出發(fā)何時(shí)回來的靈活性，而不是花時(shí)間等待公交車到來。

解析

（1）本段論證汽車給人們生活帶來的便利：是公交或地鐵太擁擠，可能因此上班遲到；第二是全家出去旅游時(shí)更靈活。

（2）indispensable 不可或缺的

（3）means of transport / transportation 交通運(yùn)輸工具

（4）rush hours （上下班）高峰期

（5）flexibility 靈活性

03

However, the increased use of cars has caused serious consequences for our environment. Many experts, for instance, attributes the worsening air quality in big cities to the cars’ exhaust gas emission and the dust that rises after them. This accusation is perhaps well-grounded if you make a little comparison between the air quality 50 years ago and that now. In addition to the waste gas and dust, cars also make unbearable noises, which is a headache to all city dwellers. Just imagine a time you are shocked awake from your cozy dream by the sharp braking screechof a car passing by your house!

然而，汽車使用越來越多，已經(jīng)給環(huán)境帶來了嚴(yán)重的后果。比如，許多將大城市日益惡化的空氣質(zhì)量歸咎于汽車的尾氣釋放以及汽車后面揚(yáng)起的塵土。如果你把50年前的空氣質(zhì)量和現(xiàn)在的空氣質(zhì)量稍微比較一下，（你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)）這種指責(zé)也許是有依據(jù)的。除了尾氣和塵土外，汽車還制造令人難以忍受的噪音，這令所有城市居民感到頭疼。想一想吧，某次你被經(jīng)過你家房子的汽車的尖利剎車聲從美夢中驚醒！

解析

（1）本段討論汽車對環(huán)境的影響，一是造成了空氣質(zhì)量下降，二是造成了很多噪音。本段最后一句也是一個(gè)個(gè)性表達(dá)的范例！

（2）consequences 后果

（3）attribute...to... 將......歸因于......

（4）exhaust gas emission 尾氣釋放

（5）well-grounded 有依據(jù)的

（6）city dweller 城市居民

（7）screech 尖叫聲

04

In my view, it is unrealistic for the government to put a ban on the car ownership or use since the cars have been so important in our daily life, yet we cannot overlookthe negative effects they have on the environment. To get out of this dilemma, to my mind, there are two options, the first being to develop car technology and produce cars that burn less fuel and the second, encourage the car owners to use public transportation whenever possible.

我認(rèn)為，政府禁止擁有或使用汽車是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，因?yàn)槠囋谖覀兊娜粘Ｉ钪幸呀?jīng)如此重要，但是我們也不能忽視汽車給環(huán)境帶來的負(fù)面影響。我覺得，為了走出這個(gè)困境，我們有兩個(gè)選擇，其一，發(fā)展汽車科技，制造出較少耗費(fèi)燃料的汽車，其二，鼓勵(lì)汽車擁有者們盡可能使用公共交通。

解析

（1）本段表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，提出汽車和環(huán)境都需要，并因此提出了兩個(gè)選擇方案：一是設(shè)計(jì)耗油少的汽車，二是鼓勵(lì)大家盡量選坐公共交通。

（2）unrealistic 不現(xiàn)實(shí)的

（3）overlook 忽視

（4）dilemma 困境

（5）option 選擇

（6）...there are two options, the first being to develop car technology... 該句后半部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因此用being，而不能用is。在有把握的前提下，偶爾使用一下這種高端句型，有可能給考官留下好印象。如果沒有把握，就要老老實(shí)實(shí)地寫：...there are two options. The first one is to develop car technology...

本場考試范文

Just 50 years ago, to own a car was quite a luxury, but today, cars have found their way into many households. Statistics show in China alone, there are over 140 million cars running on road every day. While cars have brought about conveniences to their users, they have imposed great pressure on the environment.

Modern city life has made the car an indispensable means of transport. Though most cities today have fairly advanced transportation systems like the bus and metro, they tend to be extremely crowded, especially in rush hours. This means you might come to your office late or miss some important appointments. If you drive your own car, these problems may well be avoided. At the same time, when you plan to take your family for a trip out of town, you may also enjoy the flexibility of when to start off and when to return, rather than spending time waiting for the bus to arrive.

However, the increased use of cars has caused serious consequences for our environment. Many experts, for instance, attributes the worsening air quality in big cities to the cars’ exhaust gas emission and the dust that rises after them. This accusation is perhaps well-grounded if you make a little comparison between the air quality 50 years ago and that now. In addition to the waste gas and dust, cars also make unbearable noises, which is a headache to all city dwellers. Just imagine a time you are shocked awake from your cozy dream by the sharp braking screech of a car passing by your house!

In my view, it is unrealistic for the government to put a ban on the car ownership or use since the cars have been so important in our daily life, yet we cannot overlook the negative effects they have on the environment. To get out of this dilemma, to my mind, there are two options, the first being to develop car technology and produce cars that burn less fuel and the second, encourage the car owners to use public transportation whenever possible.

(346 words)

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